Most people can get a small life insurance policy without a job, especially life insurance policies that do not require medical underwriting.
If you are a student, there is some consideration of your future income, and if you are in between jobs, the life insurance company will look at that, for instance, considering your age, health and how long you have been out of work.
Net worth does enter into the equation, as well. And people on Disability can get life insurance with some life insurance companies, depending on their health and age.
It is not guaranteed, but usually people without a job may be able to qualify for at least a small amount of life insurance coverage, as long as they have made some income in the past, or if their spouse is currently working.